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Hello.

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My name is Chris Behnke,
an offering manager

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in the aerospace and
defense business unit at NI.

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Phased arrays are becoming
an important RF architecture

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in aerospace and
defense applications,

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such as radar and
satellite communications.

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The components and modules used
to build these architectures

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have unique RF characterization
requirements that

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need to be performed to
ensure the end system

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will perform correctly.

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As such, NI has released the
Electronically Scanned Array

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characterization reference
architecture, or ESA reference

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architecture for short, which
includes all the necessary IP

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to perform these measurements.

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In this video, we
will show you how

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to perform pulse profile
and pulse-to-pulse stability

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measurements using the NI Vector
Signal Transceiver, or VST.

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To characterize PAs,
or Power Amplifiers,

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and transmit and receive
models for radars,

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it is important to
be able to perform

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pulse measurements,
such as pulse profile

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and pulse-to-pulse stability.

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Pulse profile, for example,
is looking at a single pulse

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and ensuring that the various
attributes are correct,

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such as state levels,
transition durations, overshoot

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and undershoot, droop,
or ripple and ringing.

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A secondary measurement
used to qualify

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the performance of a
component in a radar

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is pulse-to-pulse stability.

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This can either be the
stability of pulses

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over an entire chain of pulses,
or the stability of samples

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within a single pulse.

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In this measurement,
you're looking

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at the stability of both
magnitude and phase over time

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and temperature to ensure that
the component or module itself

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will behave over the operational
mission of the end system.

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The challenges of pulse
profile and pulse stability

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measurements include the
synchronization of RF pulse

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stimulus with a DUT,
Device Under Test,

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you're controlling to
accurately characterize

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the component stability.

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The dynamic range and phase
noise of instrumentation

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can negatively affect
measurement accuracy.

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And the limited RF
instrumentation bandwidth

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can reduce your test
coverage and ability

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to meet the needs of more
advanced radar applications.

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Using the pulsed RF measurement
library included within the ESA

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reference architecture,
we will show you

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how to overcome
these test challenges

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and measure both of these
parameters accurately.

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Here, we see the interactive
example for pulse measurements,

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including the pulsed
RF measurement

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library within the
reference architecture.

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In this setup, we will be
providing a pulse stimuli

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to an X-band transmit and
receive module typically found

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in the front end of
a radar phased array.

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We will perform not only
pulse profile measurements,

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but the pulse-to-pulse
stability measurement itself

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simultaneously using the Vector
Signal Transceiver, or VST.

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As for all of the interactive
examples within the library,

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you are provided the ability
to both configure the hardware,

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as well as the stimulus
and measurement,

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as well as in real time,
view the measured results

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for interactive analysis.

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In this particular case,
we're using the vector signal

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transceiver and a
shared LO configuration.

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This allows us to optimize
out the phase noise

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impact of the
instrumentation itself,

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and therefore, tackle
one of the key challenges

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of these measurements.

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This is configured using
the panel on the left here,

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which allows us
to select the VST,

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as well as configure the
synchronization and LO sharing.

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In this case, we're tuned
to 10 gigahertz, which

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is at the top end of X-band.

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You can also
configure the stimulus

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based on things like pulse
repetition interval, pulse

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duration, and the sample
rate of the device itself.

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We support CW, as well as other
stimuli types within the pulse

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library.

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However, in this case, we're
using CW for a simple stimuli.

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Trigger settings can
also be configured,

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allowing you to either
control the synchronization

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with devices under test, or
take in a triggered result

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from the device
itself, again, tackling

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one of the key challenges
for this measurement.

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And then, finally,
you can choose

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the specific configuration
types for the particular

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measurements, such
as your pulse profile

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and pulse-to-pulse stability.

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This includes setting
where the samples will

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be within the pulse to provide
your statistical results.

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Once you're satisfied with the
configurations of the hardware

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and the software, you can go
ahead and run the measurements,

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as you see happening right now.

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Within the displayed
measurements,

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you see multiple
displays that can be

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configured based on your needs.

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In this case, we're looking at
the pulse-to-pulse stability

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plot, which includes information
on the stability of phase,

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magnitude, and the
overall results.

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You can also look at things such
as the amplitude profile, which

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shows you the pulse profile from
the first measurement, as well

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as the statistical results, such
as droop, rise time, width, et

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cetera.

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Finally, we have
supplementary views

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to show you additional
parameters, such as the FFT

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of the pulsed stimuli itself,
and the instantaneous values

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of the measured samples
within the pulse

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for pulse-to-pulse stability.

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Once you're satisfied with
the measurements, or in fact,

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as you're measuring
the experiment,

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you can record the data
for post-processing

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at a later time.

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This completes showing
the demonstration of pulse

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measurements and
pulse-to-pulse profile using

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the interactive example within
the pulsed RF measurement

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library in our
reference architecture.

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As you've seen, we've tackled
the challenge of pulse profile

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and pulse stability
measurements,

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in particular, the
synchronization of RF stimulus

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with the DUP, the
instrumentation phase noise

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degradation, and the limited
RF instrumentation bandwidth

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simply by using the benefits of
the vector signal transceiver.

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Combining these advantages
with our software-defined

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measurements allows you to
tackle the overall test plan

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and requirements for your PA
or transmit and receive module

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in our radar application.

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For more information on
pulse profile measurements

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and pulse-to-pulse stability,
as well as the ESA reference

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architecture,
please visit NI.com.

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Thank you very much.

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[MUSIC PLAYING]

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