[AUDIO LOGO] SPEAKER: OTAN Outreach and Technical Assistance Network. 

JENNIFER GAGLIARDI: Hi, my name is Jennifer Gagliardi and today we're going to be talking about election and voting resources for adult learners. So one of the very first things that I would like to talk about is vote.gov. This is a initiative or a website by the federal government. It's a one-stop shopping place. You need to know anything about voting, and if your questions move from voting, from the things about voting rights or requirements and your questions start getting into elections, they're going to move you on to another website, usa.gov. 

But I wanted to point out vote.gov because for the first time, not only do we have information available in multiple languages, but we also have voting information in a Native American languages. So this one you pick is a Native Alaskan language, and we also have today in the Navajo language. 

So it's very exciting to see this, especially since it was till just this past century where we denied voting rights to Native Americans. So they are the foundation of our democracy, and it's good to see that there is more and more outreach and more and more inclusion for those populations. 

So I recently was in-- well, in the Bay Area in San Jose, we have voting materials in English, Spanish, Chinese, Vietnamese and in-- did I say Spanish? But when I move into other counties around the Bay area, we need to have voting population-- voting information in the Indian languages. And when I was recently, just this past weekend, was in New York city, I heard Arabic, Arabic, Arabic on the street. So that was really powerful to hear that. 

OK, so we're going to move on from vote.gov. We're going to go to USA voting and elections. And this is where if you start having questions about elections, so for instance, who's running or the different state and the different offices, usa.gov has a really clear, simple, clear information about voting and election information. 

Also I use the usa.gov a lot, especially when I'm teaching citizenship, especially to talk about the three branches, because they have some really great information. They also have some very clear infographics. So from here, from usa.gov, it has links to the different state government as a state. 

From usa.gov, you can get to the states, Department of States who are usually the department in the state government that controls the elections. And from there, you can go down into the County Board Registrar of Voters and you can find more information about voting in your local areas. So again, usa.gov, for voting information, is going to be really good. 

Let's continue on. I wanted to show what our Department of State is doing. So this is the California Department of State elections website. And here they're basically giving us some information. So Super Tuesday is coming up. So this is when, I believe, 13 states across America are voting in for presidential primaries. We're seeing people run for city council, for mayor. We're picking the people for who are going to be going for governor. 

So they have information about the California Department of State voting elections page, and most pages in other states as well. So Minnesota is going to have the same information. California is going to have the-- New York is going to have the same information. Michigan is going to have the same information. Texas is going to-- 

AUDIENCE: Dig down into-- because it isn't just people were voting for. And we're thinking that people forget that. That there's a lot of other things. Yeah. And so do these dig down into propositions as well? 

JENNIFER GAGLIARDI: I have seen some major statewide propositions. I have not seen the local propositions. But how do we get there? So there's two ways. One way you can look at Ballotpedia. Are you familiar with Ballotpedia.org? Ballotpedia.org is where you-- they also are a-- they keep track of not only elections, but they keep a lot of track of judgeships that are up for elections, which is very, very, very important. 

Well, the important thing that you're going to see on the Department of State is you're going to see when you can register for the-- last day to register to vote, where you can vote, particularly about drop off places. Not everybody does voting by mail, not every place has drop off sites, but here they have some really basic information. You're going to find this all in the Department of State's websites. 

Any further questions? Also, you can download your official voter information guide. But when you download your official voter information guide, it's not going to show some of your local elections. So that's going to be really important. And so how can we get down there? 

So when you download the state's voter guide, it's going to be in legalese. Now, I'm really good at English. Legalese, unless it's in 400, I'm not so good at. So I always check the easy voter guide, and every state has a version of this. And in California, we have five different versions of the easy voter guide. Most states have something similar that's happening with that. And I've used this especially in my ESL classrooms. 

OK, let me go back into presentation mode, please. OK. All right, now, another thing that's going to be a real primary concern, and again, I'm just doing a real basic overview of election material, is the Department of Homeland Security. And Department of Homeland Security is really, really, it's so many things for so many different people. But here, they put out a really good fact sheet about digital media literacy. 

And what do we mean by digital media literacy or news literacy or information literacy? They're basically are very concerned about misinformation that's going out about elections, about the process of voting, about the different candidates and propositions. They're concerned about deep space. 

So they've been producing some really, really good information about how to combat misinformation, malinformation, and disinformation. And they basically put out a really good PDF that you can download and use in your classroom that talks about how to not only spot this, but they have graphic novels. Have you seen these graphic novels from DHS? It shows people who are working in basically trying to elect voter misinformation that they see online and how they combat that. So actually, my students were really interested in that. 

It's a little bit too advanced for ESL 3. I would say it's better for more of your advanced students or in your HiSET or GED programs. And the reason why I bring this up is because CISA is the Cyber Infrastructure Security Agency, which is under the Department of Homeland Security. 

And so when I was on voter.gov, which led me to EAC, which is the election-- which is the election website, they were talking about voter security. Well, how do we talk about voter security, about ballots, about securing the vote? This eventually led me to CISA that is really dedicated to protecting the vote. And their initiative is to protect 2024. 

As I dug deeper and deeper into this, I found this amazing pathway about starting from the high school into adult technical colleges and community colleges about cybersecurity. So I was thinking, wow, this is really, really neat. You see these-- they're using the principles of cybersecurity because they want to build a larger workforce to protect voting, protect the casting and counting of ballots. 

So they're trying to develop this workforce and they really want people who speak different languages or have skills that were developed in other countries. So they have these pathways set up. I think that we need to take a look at some of these pathways and backward engineer some of these pathways into the k-12 adult school so we can start like IELC programs dedicated to putting our students back on the cybersecurity path because it's going to go into some really well paying jobs. Anyway, that's good to you. 

If we're talking about going into the classroom, we have iCivics. Have you, either anybody use iCivics in your classrooms? No? OK, iCivics, their election headquarters. So this was an initiative started by Sandra Day O'Connor, the first woman Supreme Court justice. May she rest in peace or may she rest in power, actually. 

And they have the four games that are really appropriate for, of course, for k-12 students. But you don't want to give a kids game to a parent-- to an adult learner. They definitely can't give them to ESL one student. But always in our citizenship classes, we have multiple levels of students. 

Our higher level students, I have asked some of my higher level students to play these games and then explain what's going on to their fellow students, what happened during these games. So this is a way to level the playing field so I can basically dedicate some more information or more time to the lower level students who are struggling with illiteracy. But we're taking the higher level students and we're transforming them into learning about this information and basically teaching this information to the lower level literacy students. So that's been very successful. 

As you scroll down with election headquarters, you have all sorts of PDFs and you have all sorts of lesson plans, and especially the database searches. The database searches will put you in touch with like, find out what's the process about choosing representatives or for the state where the electoral college or who your state representatives are, et cetera, et cetera. So take a look at election headquarters. It's more than just these games. Although I totally recommend Cast Your Vote and Win the White house, those are really, really powerful games. But take a look at all the information on election headquarters. 

I'm going to move on from there. I want to talk-- anybody who's teaching citizenship are probably very, very aware of preparing for the oath. Preparing for the oath is a collaboration between USCIS and the Smithsonian. So they have developed one video for each one for the USCIS 100 questions. And so people watch a very short video, maybe from one minute to three minutes that talk about the 100 questions. And they have been organized into different themes. 

So this topic here is about voting. So we have a question about voting age, amendments about voting. One of our heroes, Susan B Anthony, the political parties, which is still confusing not only to people who are native-born, but to our immigrant students. Presidential elections, the election month, and political parties. 

So this is really a good way to basically introduce the topic of voting and elections, not only in our citizenship classes, but beyond into our ESL classes. So again, there-- they are closed captioned. A lot of times you can copy the closed captions or the transcript and you can put it into-- make a PDF for listening or for taking notes, et cetera, et cetera. 

After they watch the video, they continue on to an activity, which might be taking a look at an old fashioned voting box. So it's self-paced, it goes very quickly, and then it moves on into reinforcing the USCIS 100 civics questions that was associated with this video. So again, this is a really good way to introduce your lower level students. I would say this would be appropriate, even part down as to ESL two or ESL two second semester. 

OK, another thing that I really would like to talk about, especially when we're getting our students ready for the election, USA learns Access America. And Access America was based on a document that was prepared by USCIS for newcomers to the United states, and it was published in 13 or 14 different languages. And you can still see this document when you go to some of the older libraries. And the PDFs are available online. 

The only problem is there's so much information and now it's just a little bit outdated because I think the last revision was in 2015. What I really like about Access America, it's divided up into different life skills very similar, or you can find correlations between this and our courses' life skills objectives. And then here-- but of course, it's based on the USCIS document. But here they basically built out the information, refresh the information, and basically have put in activities for vocabulary, for listening, for dictation, for all sorts of different things. 

So this is a really great good way on not only to introduce your students to civics topics such as financial literacy, but also to basically talk about your rights and responsibilities as people living in the United States and eventually who will go into citizenship. So this one here, when we talk about rights and responsibilities, 5.2, they're talking about elections and voting, et cetera, et cetera 

Follow up, a companion piece to this is USA Learns Citizenship. A lot of people are using this, especially when-- I'm going to step back one minute. No, I'm going to step forward into USA Learns Citizenship. So USA Learns Citizenship are organized into four sections. 

The first section is preparing for citizenship. So it's going to give you a lot of information about gathering your documents together. Second part is digging deeper into the vocabulary and the questions of the N-400. The third part is about civics, preparing information around civics and history 100 questions. And the last part is what's going to actually happen during the USCIS interview and the afterwards. 

USCIS-- no, sorry. USA Learns Citizenship just went through a major update. It added a lot more activities related to digital literacy skills and added information about getting a driver's license and forms of identification. So it was able to dig a little bit deeper into the practical applications or the links between preparing for your citizenship interview and your everyday life lesson. 

So again, take a look at USA Learns Citizenship. 3.14 is talking about participating in our government, particularly through voting and democracy. So those questions associated with that. Are you guys using USA links? Have you used USA links? 

AUDIENCE: No. 

JENNIFER GAGLIARDI: No. I can't recommend it enough. And then the update for US Learns Citizenship was significant enough and I think it was successful enough that it's basically, the next thing that we're going to do is they're going to go back and update Access America and add more digital content to it and links to digital literacy practices. So that's going to be a really great to see. 

I really, really, really love, and everybody knows this, VOA News and Voice of Learning English. And my first trip to Washington DC, I was able to go through a tour. I was absolutely so excited to visit the people who are at ground zero for freedom of information and trying to, not only for the United states, but also to get the information out to other places in local languages. 

So VOA is an initiative from the Department of State, and it is also associated with American English at state, which that helps train teachers to, and provides information to promote American language and culture. But anyway, with VOA News, with the main website, is that they really track not only what's going on with our elections. 

And every year, or when they have elections, especially, I'm thinking of 2020, 2022, but particularly in 2020, they really had a special section about the elections. And I'm expecting that VOA will have another section specifically dedicated to the 2024 election. They had a interactive electoral college map. They really kept track of the different controversies around the election. So again, very, very good. And I would say a non-bipartisan news information. 

They also are, not only are they have information about US and news, but they have a special section in there about immigration and also Native American news as well. But again, VOA News is a great resource for election coverage, and also you can-- they have a really great YouTube channel. 

On the other hand, VOA Learning English, a lot of people use that for teaching their students American English, particularly through their l let's learn English program, which they have also built out to teach English in other languages, particularly aimed towards younger kids. And so a lot of people are using those videos or watching the videos to-- adults are watching those videos with their kids and learning a lot of content that way. 

But they have a history section that is basically, covers not only information about the legislative branch, the US Congress, and the executive branch about the American presidents, but they also have information there about the judicial branch and they have information about information literacy too. So please take a look at VOA Learning English. 

And one of the ways that I keep my students up to date about the elections, or prepare them for American elections, is that elections are happening all over the place. So especially I think the elections are coming up in Mexico very, very soon. Mexico might get their first woman president before the United States. I'm so crazy about that. Anyway, good for Mexico. 

On the VOA learning English YouTube channel, every day they, or every weekday they post 60 seconds news summary. And basically, in that 60 second news summary, they present four stories from all around the world. And a lot of times VOA is covering elections in other countries. So you're getting 15 seconds. 

So I show this to my students. I show it one time without stopping, and they have to remember where is this-- where is this new story happening and what's going on? And a lot of times it is related to elections. And so this is a way to start talking about current events with our students, going back and talking about and discussing a little bit deeper. So I have found so much information and a good material at VOA Learning English. And we can talk a little further about that. 

I want to go on and talk about mock elections. So this is our former computer lab, 

AUDIENCE: Someone that has a question for you. 

JENNIFER GAGLIARDI: Yeah. 

AUDIENCE: If you want to unmute yourself, Diana. 

AUDIENCE: Yes, hi, Jennifer, it's Diana. I want to know, you're sharing so many great resources, during the presentation, will you have a chance to tell us how you structure these or sequence them because I'd want to share with some agencies, the information you're sharing, but want to give them an idea of how to get started? 

JENNIFER GAGLIARDI: So dot gov, I have the information that, especially the Election Assistance Commission is really important because they're the ones who do the overview about the elections in the United States. Going in there, if you're talking about voter-- let's see. 

So we're beginning the conversation about voter registration. And this is actually one of the questions on the N-400. Have you voted in the United States or have you done any-- have you registered to vote? If you wanted, basically take a look at voter registration. And you say, please don't submit this. But if you want to take a look at this, they have voter registration information in 21 different languages. So this is one of the ways that you can start the conversation about this. 

It's an interesting thing to take a look at this because, again, you're talking about-- Even ESL, let's see. OK, So if we take a look at this, you can see this is a fillable PDF. A lot of this is basic information, personal information language. So this is a really good way to practice filling out any type of form that you're going to need for medicine, for insurance, for anything like that. 

But again, that-- so this is one of the ways that I'm going to talk about this. I'm going to say, hey, today we're going to talk about voter-- we're going to start talking about the elections. We're going to start-- one of the first things to do if you want to vote in the United states, you have to register to vote. I'm going to take them to a form that taps the information that they already know. 

So they've already seen school registration forms where you put your last name, your first name, et cetera, et cetera. I'm going to start off with this kind of ground level information. So then from there, they're going to be able to move up the pace for going from the stuff that I know to talking about the entrance to voter registration. I'm going to use this form. We're going to move on from there. 

I would probably go from here to one of the organizations. And if we go down here, we're going to take a look at, sorry, Ballotpedia. Excuse me. Let me get rid of that. I would be taking a look at the information at Ballotpedia, because here, from there, we basically practice our address and our personal information. From Ballotpedia, if you put in your zip code, you can start building what's going to be on the ballot in your own community. 

So you're going to go from voter registration to seeing what's on the election and then you're going to be moving on to-- further on, you're going to start saying, well, OK, my students have basically started incorporating the information that they already know. They can go on to lesson plans. And in lesson plans, that I'm basically, I have a really good one in here about from change agent all the way down to all sorts of organizations. So I think have 15 lesson plans here and I'm trying to develop the lesson plan so I can submit it to the iCivics website for the election that's coming up. 

I have online activities, and this one's a really great one that I'm going to be sharing later on at the tech slam. It's called Acti Vote, which I just pressed on. So this one, you have a daily quiz. But some others might be a little bit different-- a little bit difficult for them, but it's a way to start talking about who made history. And they're going to be asking a whole bunch of civics questions. 

They can be talking in here about different issues. And that's probably the most important thing. They have daily actions about federal minimum wage or taxes. I know the one about abortion is going to be very controversial. So they're going to have information about the polling. And so here, there's going to be a lot of opportunities, as you go through the activities, for them to start practicing voting. And they're practicing in a safe way. They are not giving their personal information to anybody. 

Also to supplement these activities, so, for instance, if I was going to say something about minimal voting and maybe worker's rights, I would go out and basically take a look at information related to voters and workers rights. And think I would basically be going to-- I might be going to not on economy. 

I might actually be going to the USPS, deliver the win. And I know this seems really weird, the mail postal system talking about voting and elections. But here they're talking about delivering mail associated with the elections in a safe and sane way. It's a very short playlist, but they're talking about different jobs that are related to the voting and elections. 

I also want to be basically incorporating some information from information literacy. And this gentleman was talking about ad fonts. Is that how you pronounce it at fonts? 

AUDIENCE: I don't know. I said ad fonts, but I don't know. Just the media bias chart. 

JENNIFER GAGLIARDI: Bias chart. So here, when we take a look at the media bias chart, we could see, well, what is the information that you're sharing in class teacher? Is it going to be bipartisan or is it going to be-- is it going to be more prejudiced one way or the other? I always do point out that I am a registered democrat, but I come from a family of very conservative Republicans and I love my family dearly. So it's like we have to keep in conversation with each other. 

But as you can see, we have VOA pretty much in the center and then we see-- 

AUDIENCE: NPR 

JENNIFER GAGLIARDI: NPR. Yeah, that is-- 

AUDIENCE: all those are-- that's where I get all mine from, NPR ABC. 

JENNIFER GAGLIARDI: Yeah, that's all my-- If it's talking about a playlist of my life, it's going to be NPR. But, I also get a lot of information from the left. So I like to listen to podcasts from Crooked Media. Do I share Crooked Media stuff in my classroom? No, it's too partisan. I need to basically-- yeah, it's too biased. Ironic to keep things to be nonpartisan in my classroom. So again, you basically take a look at this and show your students this. And it's really actually very interesting. 

I always supplement this kind of stuff with-- and it's going to be difficult for me to go back. Oh, here we go. I always supplement this stuff-- I have a lot in here about information literacy. For instance, NewsLit, which is a very new, new initiative. NewsLit. And now, of course, I can't find it. 

NewsLit is a initiative that's talking about news literacy and how to basically look and see about bias. So there's a lot of things in here that's talking about how you can find out information to see if you're sharing good information, solid information with your students. 

And again, I have something on the far side. I have things here about jobs and volunteers, because eventually, things are going to come up. So people feel really strongly, say, for instance, what's happening with their schools? We need more money for the schools. So people can find volunteer opportunities, particularly in high school. Students can go and volunteer to basically do some, what is precinct walking to support the school bond measures. So some people want to go into the party politics so they would basically Canvas for their candidate of choice. 

Here's some information here from the Secretary of State about poll workers, which is very, very, very interesting that there is paid position and volunteer positions for poll workers, and they are really looking for bilingual people. And they have a lot of opportunities also for high school students where they can get some really good community credit. 

They talk about poll worker resources. And a lot of that is talking about the safety for the poll workers. So initially, especially after some of our more recent elections, it's like, hey, I don't know if I want to send some of my students to work at the polls. I want them to be safe. I don't want them to have a positive experience. I don't want them to come back traumatized. 

So they talk about the, EAC is very, very aware of this and they're basically talking about not only protecting the poll workers, but de-escalating all sorts of strategies, a lot of stuff in there about soft skills, how to deal with people working as a poll worker when they come in and vote. 

Here I went from EAC to, again, I mentioned this earlier, the Cyber Infrastructure Security Agency institutions, and they were talking about how they created pathways from high schools through technical and community colleges, into four-year institutions about what people need to study to basically bone up on cyber-- to support our cyber security agents infrastructure, particularly around voting. And I was really, really surprised to see how much a part of this is part of keeping our elections safe. 

So I really think that we need to focus in on this, especially when we come in here to this resource toolkit and then going into the career development. So this has a really-- let's see. I want to come here, pathway, the tool pathway. So if we take a look at this, and I've actually show this to some of our students who used to do IT in their own country. They're here. They want to get-- they have all the skills that they can be very, very accessible, but they don't have English. 

So here we have things, for instance, different, don't show this again, about the different pathways, how to get to these different jobs. And they talk about what do you need, the job information, what the job is, what kind of skills do you need. And then they have a direct link into USAJOBS to pursue the job. So again, this is really, really interesting. I think if we-- 

AUDIENCE: This is cool It's like I'm on there and it's interactive. 

JENNIFER GAGLIARDI: Oh my God, so it's totally cool. But then you can compare jobs. The important thing, and they talk about-- anyway, and if you go to USAJobs and you look for voting, you also see a lot of things related to career pathways too. Why am I making such a big fuss about this? 

As I really think, especially in K-12 sponsored adult schools, we really need to take a look at this information and see if we could create um- IELCE programs to basically prepare our students for the necessary vocabulary, because they have the skills, but they need the vocabulary and some of the ways to prepare for interviews, et cetera, et cetera. Some of they need to hone some of their soft skills to basically step into the cyber career pathway-- cyber career pathway so we can basically guarantee that our elections will be safe. So again, I really am going to recommend this. 

So more resources there. I am going to be adding two more sections here in a little bit. One of them is, we had some really great resources from 2020. One of them was the right question. And it was basically a whole curriculum about, how do you use the principles of critical thinking to basically form questions that are not just gaining information, but applying information? I'm sorry, I'm not doing a very good conversation about that. 

But some of the materials that were developed for the 2020 election, I think, but have not been updated. I want to basically post that information so teachers can take a look at that and say, hey, we can use some of those materials there in our classrooms. We need to tweak it a little bit, but that's some of that stuff is really still good. 

The other thing is that nothing inspires people. Some people are inspired by a really great interactive charts. I know that's exciting for me, but I really like to read stories about some of the history or some of the stories about people who fought for voting rights. 

So, for instance, one of my very, very favorite resources that I always find inspirational is this one from StoryCorps. And I'm not going to share the whole thing, but it's basically just simply this graphic here where this young African-American woman is repeatedly denied her right to vote, even though she has basically studied the constitution, how mean they were where she was when they went to the courthouse, et cetera, et cetera. 

A lot of people, a lot of my students, when you talk about racial discrimination, particularly with Jim Crow or civil rights, they simply can't relate. But when they see this and they're reminded about some of the times that they've been turned away, even though they were fully eligible to do the thing that they wanted to do, a lot of people are really touched by these kind of stories. So I want to basically include something about biographies of people who have pursued voting rights, because, I know-- 

I remember the first time I voted. I had come back from college. I went to the polls with my parents. My mother kept on yelling over the voting booth that she was canceling my father's vote. And a lot of people do remember-- they have stories about the first time they voted. Or I've had students, when I've been teaching, an old student will stroll in and waving their voting receipts from the first time they voted. So I think that's really, really important to talk about that kind of stuff. 

Diana, hopefully I answered your question. OK, yeah, and I really am committed to start posting stuff to the EL Civics exchange, particularly for the COAAPS 39 And that's one of the things that I'm going to talk about in my next presentation. I'm going to be talking about using AI for citizenship and EL Civics instruction. So just talk a little bit about that, how that's helping me get a leg up on some of that work that I want to do. 

I want to go back real quickly to my presentation and see if I haven't missed anything. Let's see, learning English, little bit farther along. Here is the-- just quick shout out to CASAS. They have a COAAPS 39.4. One of them is your comparing contract-- so at 39.4 is very interesting because you are there's a four life skills that they address. They're addressing interpreting a sample ballot, communicating your opinion on a personal-- on an issue, participating in a mock election, and compare and contrasting a candidate. 

So that's really, really interesting. But especially going back and basically doing mock elections. And this, I believe, was from 2016. So what we did was we created a very simplified ballot with Google Forms. The students had a vote on five different things. So here they're basically, I think up here, they're voting for the presidential candidate they wanted. They're voting for the Senator, they voted for mayor, and they voted on two propositions. 

To prepare for the students to go to the voting booths, I basically prepared PowerPoints where the teachers could share what's actually going to be on there. The higher level students did basically do some mock debates about what the people who were running, or they did some biographies about them or they talked about the propositions. 

One of the propositions I remember really well is they were talking about expanding a, what do I want to say, an island of where they basically put the trash. What do I want to say? It's very close to here, the new-- anyway, landfill. They wanted to expand the landfill. The only problem with expanding the landfill is Milpitas has a very ripe odor. So do we want to have lower garbage bills or do we want not to live in that ripe odor that people associate with Milpitas? And people really felt-- there were real different opinions on that one. 

So anyway, so the mock election was really, really helpful. And we've done different iterations of this mock election. Sometimes we've used polls through Survey Monkey. And you can use-- we use Kahoot. There's all different ways that you can-- 

AUDIENCE: Google Form. 

JENNIFER GAGLIARDI: Yeah, this was a Google Form. Yeah this was a-- it was a really nice Google Form. We had a-- we had set up a board where we were basically treating each classroom like a state. So we had electoral college type thing. It was a really, really interesting. 

So another thing that I want to resource much more robust list of voter or voter resources is available at COABE And also want to talk a little bit about CCAE. CCAE is reaching out to the teachers to develop, teachers and their students about developing leadership to go and legislate for more funding for adult education, which is really, really important. 

So I'm really-- and they do this through several initiatives. One of them is ledge day, which is coming up. Another one is adult education Week. Another one is in September. We have, I think, adult education and family literacy week in September. So have links in there to those resources, and I've also developed different citizenship interviews where, or citizenship courses where I'm pairing information with some of the information about the legislature, with the US civics questions, et cetera, et cetera. 

So that's really, really important. So it's very important not only to vote. Voting is not the end. Voting is just a step, a part of the Democratic process. We need to use our voices to speak out on behalf of ourselves and our communities as well. So I think it's time to end. And I'd love you all and I want you all to go out and vote. So thank you so much.