(DESCRIPTION) Title, Let's Get Gritty! Using technology to facilitate grit and growth mindset. Cash Clifton, University of New Mexico Academic Foundations, New Mexico Adult Ed PD Senior Training Consultant, C Clifton 4 at U M N dot e d u. (SPEECH) CASH CLIFTON: So welcome to everybody, and thank you for joining us to talk about getting gritty. So I'm coming to you from New Mexico as part of the COVID-19 series of webinars through OTAN. And we are in a really different time right now. So I really do appreciate you being here. What I'm going to be showing you today are some lessons that I've been using in my face-to-face classes with a lot of success for years. So these are activities that my students say they really enjoy. And I am now in the process of transitioning to using these activities all online. So I would like to ask you to take a moment and make sure you have something to write with and something to write on to do some reflection. So using some of Sharon Bowman's research from training from the back of the room, I really want to encourage you to use good old-fashioned pen and pencil rather than an electronic device. This is based on research that you use different parts of your brain when you're actually physically using a pen or pencil on paper. So please take a moment to get something to write with and write on. As we go through today's webinar, I'm going to ask that you participate from the perspective of reflecting on your own experiences with grit and reflecting on your own mindset, as opposed to thinking about how you use these things with students. I'll be showing you some technology tools and how you can use that part with students. But as we watch the videos, as I ask reflection questions, I would like to request that you please reflect on your own. I am coming to this webinar from the perspective of showing you tools that you can use for free. So all of these tools that I'm using I used with a free account. So there's no extra add-on or pay anything in the tools that I'm using. Now, a lot of these tools when you sign up they'll say, you can have the free version. But then they'll have the bronze and the silver and the platinum versions. And some of those extra for pay features look really cool. And they might be worth it. But just be aware that today everything that I'm showing you can be done with free internet resources. There's a lot of really cool stuff for free. So we're looking at grit. We're looking at growth mindset. And I want to start with Maslow's hierarchy of needs. So I'm assuming you're all at least somewhat familiar with Maslow's hierarchy of needs. But I would like to introduce you to Maslow's hierarchy of needs teacher addition. Not my joke. I'm not nearly clever enough to come up with a joke like this. This is from a training from the back of the room training. But this idea that teachers really, really like to lecture. And sometimes I think we're conditioned that if we're not lecturing, we're teaching. So I'm coming at this webinar more from the perspective of how can we use technology tools for hands-on learning, for project-based learning in ways where we're the learners or active listeners not passive learners. (DESCRIPTION) A screenshot of a tweet by Adam Grant, at Adam M Grant. Text, A skill I never expected to see on our son's kindergarten report card: "Can independently mute and unmute himself when requested to do so." (SPEECH) So here's the first meme that I have for you and the second meme. (DESCRIPTION) A screenshot of a tweet by Mikey, at underscore Mikey Martin. Text, History essays in 2053: "Explain the use and role of memes as a coping mechanism during the Corona Virus Pandemic of 2020." (SPEECH) 12 minutes in and we already have a tech glitch. (DESCRIPTION) Cash skips ahead to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs "Teacher Edition." The pyramid includes the self-fulfillment need of Self-actualization (achieving one's full potential, including creative activities), the psychology needs of esteem (prestige and feeling of accomplishment) and belongingness and love (intimate relationships, friends), the need to lecture, and the basic needs of safety (security, safety) and physiological needs (food, water, warmth, rest). (SPEECH) So this is what I was describing as the teacher edition of Maslow's hierarchy of need-- throwing, again, not my joke, throwing that need to lecture down there as one of our basic needs. And so we're going to be looking at things we can do today other than just lecturing. (DESCRIPTION) Text, The first technology will be using as YouTube. Why use YouTube? Quickly upload and share videos, compatibility, open content. (SPEECH) So we're going to start out with a technology that's not too terribly advanced. I'm imagining you're probably at least a little familiar with YouTube. I recommend having a Google account, so a Gmail account if you're going to use YouTube with your students. But some things I like about YouTube is I like that I can record a video lecture of myself. So maybe I record it with Google Meet maybe I record it with GoToMeeting. Maybe record it with Zoom. There's Screencast-O-Matic. There's all these different ways to record. But then to share the recording with my students, I really like to go through YouTube. Because it just seems to be compatible with all devices. Whether it's a phone, tablet, anything like that, it's very, very compatible. And then there's lots and lots of free of really-- lots and lots of really cool open and free videos. (DESCRIPTION) In a video, Angela Lee Duckworth. (SPEECH) And so I want to start with a video that I bet a lot of you have seen before. We have a recommendation in the Q&A for Angela Duckwort's Grit-- Grit, the Power and Passion of Perseverance. So here's a little introduction to grit from Angela Duckworth. [MUSIC PLAYING] (DESCRIPTION) Cash clicks the Play button. Animation of a night sky and water droplet. TED logo. Text, Ideas Worth Spreading. One of 1,000 plus TED Talks. New ideas every weekday, TED.com. Angela Lee Duckworth. (SPEECH) ANGELA DUCKWORTH: When I was 27 years old, I left a very demanding job in management consulting for a job that was even more demanding-- teaching. (DESCRIPTION) Angela smiles at the audience. Text, April 2013, New York, New York. (SPEECH) I went to teach seventh graders math in the New York City public schools. (DESCRIPTION) Recorded at TED Talks Education. (SPEECH) And like any teacher, I made quizzes and tests. I gave out homework assignments. When the work came back, I calculated grades. What struck me was that IQ was not the only difference between my best and my worst students. Some of my strongest performers did not have stratospheric IQ scores. Some of my smartest kids weren't doing so well. And that got me thinking. The kinds of things you need to learn in seventh grade math, sure, they're hard-- ratios, decimals, the area of a parallelogram. But these concepts are not impossible. And I was firmly convinced that every one of my students could learn the material if they worked hard and long enough. After several more years of teaching, I came to the conclusion that what we need in education is a much better understanding of students and learning from a motivational perspective, from a psychological perspective. In education, the one thing we know how to measure best is IQ. But what if doing well in school and in life depends on much more than your ability to learn quickly and easily? So I left the classroom. And I went to graduate school to become a psychologist. I started studying kids and adults in all kinds of super challenging settings. And in every study, my question was, who is successful here and why? My research team and I went to West Point Military Academy. We tried to predict which cadets would stay in military training and which would drop out. We went to the National Spelling Bee and tried to predict which children would advance farthest in competition. We studied rookie teachers working in really tough neighborhoods asking which teachers are still going to be here in teaching by the end of the school year? And of those, who will be the most effective at improving learning outcomes for their students? We partnered with private companies asking, which of these salespeople is going to keep their jobs? And who is going to earn the most money? In all those very different contexts, one characteristic emerged as a significant predictor of success. And it wasn't social intelligence. It wasn't good looks, physical health. And it wasn't IQ. It was grit. Grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals. Grit is having stamina. Grit is sticking with your future day in day out, not just for the week, not just for the month, but for years and working really hard to make that future a reality. Grit is living life like it's a marathon, not a sprint. A few years ago, I started studying grit in the Chicago Public schools. I asked thousands of high school juniors to take grit questionnaires and then waited around more than a year to see who would graduate. Turns out that grittier kids were significantly more likely to graduate. Even when I matched them on every characteristic, I could measure-- things like family income, standardized achievement test scores, even how safe kids felt when they were at school. So it's not just at West Point or the National Spelling Bee that grit matters. It's also in school, especially for kids at risk for dropping out. To me, the most shocking thing about grit is how little we know, how little science knows about building it. Every day parents and teachers ask me, how do I build grit in kids? What do I do to teach kids a solid work ethic? How do I keep them motivated for the long run? The honest answer is, I don't know. (DESCRIPTION) She smiles. (SPEECH) What I do know is that talent doesn't make you gritty. Our data show very clearly that there are many talented individuals who simply do not follow through on their commitments. In fact, in our data, grit is usually unrelated or even inversely related to measures of talent. So far, the best idea I've heard about building grit in kids is something called growth mindset. This is an idea developed at Stanford University by Carol Dweck. And it is the belief that the ability to learn is not fixed, that it can change with your effort. Dr. Dweck has shown that when kids read and learn about the brain and how it changes and grows in response to challenge, they're much more likely to persevere when they fail. Because they don't believe that failure is a permanent condition. So growth mindset is a great idea for building grit. But we need more. And that's where I'm going to end my remarks. Because that's where we are. That's the work that stands before us. We need to take our best ideas, our strongest intuitions, and we need to test them. We need to measure whether we've been successful. And we have to be willing to fail, to be wrong, to start over again with lessons learned. In other words, we need to be gritty about getting our kids grittier. (DESCRIPTION) Text, For more talks, visit TED.com. (SPEECH) Thank you. [APPLAUSE] CASH CLIFTON: So if you're not familiar with Angela Duckworth's work, I just think she's absolutely phenomenal. And I highly, highly recommend her book, Grit as I said earlier. And it is this big question of how do we teach students grit? Can we even teach students grit? So based on what she says in this video, we're going to take a deeper dive today into growth mindset. (DESCRIPTION) Cash returns to the slide deck. Text, The second technology we'll be using is Google Forms. Why use Google Forms? Self-grading quizzes, quick surveys, export to spreadsheet. (SPEECH) So moving forward with technology, the second technology we're going to explore today is Google Forms. So again, this is a free technology. You just need a Gmail to use this. And so some reasons that I like to use Google Forms is you can create self-creating quizzes. So that's just a luxury as a teacher to have things that grade automatically. Now, I've found that when I use these technology tools, there's a lot of set up on the front end. So for example, when I build a form and I create this self-grading quiz, that takes a while. It can take an hour or more to create a really good self-grading quiz. But the key, I think, is to have a very organized cloud somewhere. So whether that's Google Drive or something with an Apple product or something like that, then you can reuse these things over and over. So it's a lot of work on the front end. But if you're going to be teaching these concepts with different classes over the years, then you set these things up. And it will save you a lot of time in the long run. You can also do quick surveys. You can see where your students are at, check understanding, see what do they want to learn, preferences, things like that. And Google Forms is really nice. Because it gives you the ability to export data to a spreadsheet. So everything that students answer, you get a nice little chart and graph which I'll show you shortly. And you can also export to a spreadsheet so you can see a couple of different ways. (DESCRIPTION) Grit questionnaire, https://tiny U R L.com slash grit O T A N. -- Please take the questionnaire and spend a couple of minutes privately reflecting on your results. Were you surprised by the results? Why or why not? (SPEECH) So I'm going to ask you to go take the grit questionnaire that Angela Duckworth referenced. So I just put a direct link to the Google Form we're using today in the chat if you would like to click on it. Or you're more than welcome to go ahead and type this URL in right here. And I'm going to give you just a couple of minutes to take the questionnaire and reflect on your results. By the way, your responses will be anonymous. So I'm not collecting your name. (DESCRIPTION) Cash opens the Grit Questionnaire Summary graph. (SPEECH) Notice those responses come in how the graphs are continuing to change in real time. So I can really get an idea of where my students are at. And as you can see, I can scroll over and see more. This one looks like it's kind of skewed to the left as we get further on down here. Whereas I see this one is very much skewed right. So lots and lots of great data in there. And you can see here we've had 30 responses. I don't know if you've noticed or not that all of this is changing. So there's the summary. (DESCRIPTION) Cash clicks the Question tab. It is the second tab on the page. (SPEECH) I can also see the original questions. (DESCRIPTION) He scrolls through the questions. (SPEECH) So there's the original questions. (DESCRIPTION) He clicks the Individual tab and scrolls through the responses. It is the third tab on the page. Responses include very much like me, mostly like me, somewhat like me, not much like me, and not like me at all. (SPEECH) And then I can also see what individuals put. So, again, this is anonymous. For example, the student right here, I can see that this is their response. And then notice right here, I can also export this to a spreadsheet. (DESCRIPTION) He clicks the green Spreadsheet icon on the top right-hand side of the page and selects Create a new spreadsheet. (SPEECH) I'm going to click on that. It's going to give me the option to create a new spreadsheet. (DESCRIPTION) He clicks the Create button. A new spreadsheet populates with questionnaire data. (SPEECH) And then now, I have this nice spreadsheet that's going to give me information about my students. If I was using this with an actual class, I would have asked for their names so that I knew who responds what. But I decided to leave this anonymous for our purposes here. And notice how I get this nice little time stamp so I can see when people are responding. So this is a nice way to track student participation, student work. And then I can see what individual students put going along there. So that is a Google Form. Now, you did get a response at the end of it that I'm not actually going to scale and score your grit score. If you are curious about how gritty you are after the webinar, what I recommend you do is just Google the grit scale 17 item. And you can get a link to actually tally the results and see what your grit score is. And that is something I like to do with students is to have them calculate their grit score. And I don't have it necessarily set up as a self-grading quiz. So keep in mind in Form, students could do this as a self-grading quiz. This is an opportunity for me also to teach students math by having them score their own quiz. So food for thought on all that. (DESCRIPTION) Cash returns to the slide deck. (SPEECH) And I'm not seeing any questions about Google Forms at this point. So I'm going to assume that it is making sense. So again, that was Google Forms using it to teach the grit questionnaire and generate data from my classes. (DESCRIPTION) Text, What is a Growth Mindset? (SPEECH) So Angela Duckworth talks about a growth mindset. Then the question becomes, what is a growth mindset? So according to Carol Dweck who is, in my opinion, the leading expert on growth mindset. She's done a lot of work at Stanford. This is her definition. So I'll give you a moment to read that to yourself. Here is the definition of a fixed mindset. Give you a moment to read that to yourself. (DESCRIPTION) "In a growth mindset, people believe that their most basic abilities can be developed through dedication and hard work: brains and talent are just the starting point. This view creates a love of learning and a resilience that is essential for great accomplishment." (Dweck, 2008) "In a fixed mindset, people believe their basic qualities, like their intelligence or talent, are simply fixed traits. They spend their time documenting their intelligence or talent instead of developing them. They also believe the talent alone create success without effort." (Dweck, 2008) (SPEECH) And some people say there's also a third mindset. So for today's webinar, we're going to be looking at the difference between a fixed mindset and a growth mindset. Some people say the progression goes from fixed to growth to this idea of a benefit mindset. So growth mindset is belief in yourself and your own abilities and your ability to grow. Whereas benefit mindset becomes a belief in yourself and your abilities to benefit society and to change the world around you. So just be aware some people do say there's a third mindset-- again, benefit mindset. But for the sake of time, we won't be going into that today. (DESCRIPTION) The third technology we'll be using is EdPuzzle. Why use EdPuzzle? Did my students watch the video? Ensure understanding, provide reflection prompts. (SPEECH) So YouTube videos are great. Ted Talks are great. But maybe I'm a little paranoid. But there's the big question of, did my students actually watch the video? And sometimes based on the questions I get, it's very obvious my students didn't watch the video at times. And so the next tool I'd like to introduce you to is a tool called EdPuzzle. So EdPuzzle is a way that you can actually confirm whether or not your students watch the video. So you can take a YouTube video and insert questions into the video. They can be multiple choice questions. They can be short response questions. But this is a way to make sure they watch the video. It's a way to make sure that they actually understand the content, that they're actually thinking about the content. And it's a great way to prompt reflection writing. So in a real class, I would have my students go log into EdPuzzle and actually work through so that they have to answer the questions as they go. For the sake of time because I don't think we can get all 68 of you into a class in a reasonable time, I'm just going to demonstrate EdPuzzle. So (DESCRIPTION) Cash opens an EdPuzzle video. (SPEECH) here's my EdPuzzle video. This is a Ted Talk by Carol Dweck. And notice that this is just a regular YouTube video. So I brought this in from YouTube. But you're going to see at this little mark down here, and at this little mark down here, I have a couple of questions. Over here on to do list, you see I have a question at one minute and 11 seconds. And then I have a question at four minutes and 45 seconds. So as I show this video to students, they're going to need to answer the questions. And that way I can confirm that they actually watched the video. So again, we're doing a demonstration here. [APPLAUSE] (DESCRIPTION) Cash plays the video. Video title, Developing a Growth Mindset. Text, Carol Dweck, Lewis and Virginia Eaton Professor of Psychology and, by courtesy, at the Graduate School of Education. (SPEECH) CAROL DWECK: Today, I want to tell you about the power of yet. (DESCRIPTION) High School in Chicago: Grades. (SPEECH) I learned of a high school in Chicago where students had to pass 84 units to graduate, and if they didn't pass, they got the grade not yet. I thought, isn't that wonderful? Because if you fail, you're nowhere. But if you get the grade not yet, you're on a learning curve. Not yet gave them a path into the future. And not yet also helped me understand a critical experience early in my career. (DESCRIPTION) I love a challenge! (SPEECH) To figure out how kids cope with challenge, I gave 10-year-olds some problems that were a little too difficult for them. Some of them reacted in a shockingly positive way. They said things like, I love a challenge, or I was hoping this would be informative. (DESCRIPTION) Carol grins at the audience. The EdPuzzle video pauses. An open-ended question populates to the right of the video. Text, 2-minute private reflection. Do you embrace challenges? What's your initial reaction when something seems difficult? There is a text box below the question. Below the text box, Rewatch, Skip, and Submit buttons appear. (SPEECH) CASH CLIFTON: So keep in mind we're not watching this through YouTube. We're watching this through EdPuzzle. So we hit that one minute and 11 second mark. And the student needs to answer this to be able to go forward. So see hear how the student can rewatch. So it's going to back up and go through that one minute and 11 seconds again. Or the student can skip. And that's going to let me know they aren't really paying attention. So that would raise a red flag for me to tell my students something. And notice, I can't just hit Submit. I have to type something to actually be able to submit. (DESCRIPTION) Cash types in the box and the Submit button becomes active. (SPEECH) So this is an example of an open-ended question. And I'd want to know, do my students embrace challenge? What's your initial reaction when something seems difficult? And so what I'm trying to do here is I'm trying to prompt some metacognition. I'm trying to get students thinking about their thinking. For the sake of moving ahead on time, I'm just going to type something in here. (DESCRIPTION) In the text box, he types the word "something." (SPEECH) Again, if my student really did this, I would be concerned. I would have a follow-up conversation with them. But now that I've typed something, I can submit and continue with the video. (DESCRIPTION) Cash clicks the submit button. The video continues to play. (SPEECH) CAROL DWECK: They understood that their abilities could grow through their hard work. They had what I call a growth mindset. But other children, for them, it was tragic, catastrophic. From their more fixed mindset perspective, their core intelligence had been tested and devastated. (DESCRIPTION) Text, The Tyranny of Now. What do they do next? (SPEECH) Instead of the power of yet, they were gripped by the tyranny of now. So what did they do next? In one study after a failure on a test, they said they'd cheat next time instead of studying more. (DESCRIPTION) Cheat versus Study, Blackwell, Trzesniewski, and Dweck, 2007. Find Someone Worse, Nussbaum and Dweck, 2008. (SPEECH) In another study, they found someone who did worse than they did so they could feel better. (DESCRIPTION) Run from Difficulty, Hong, Chiu, Dweck, Lin, and Wan, 1999; Moser et al., 2001; Mueller and Dweck, 1998; Nussbaum and Dweck, 2008. (SPEECH) And in many studies, we found they run from difficulty. Let's look at how that looks in the brain. (DESCRIPTION) A scale of Fixed Mind-Set and Growth Mind-Set, 150 to 550 milliseconds. Source, Moser, Schroeder, Heeter, Lee, and Moran, 2011. (SPEECH) Moser and his colleagues measured from the brain as kids encountered errors. Processing the error shows up in red. If you look at the fixed mindset brain on the left, nothing is happening. (DESCRIPTION) The fixed mind-set brain is represented with green-yellow in the center, reflecting the mid-range of the processing scale. (SPEECH) But if you look at the growth mindset brain on the right, it's on fire with yet. (DESCRIPTION) The growth mind-set brain is represented with red in the center, reflecting the top range of the processing scale. (SPEECH) They're processing the error deeply, learning from it and correcting it. So how are we raising our kids? Are we raising them for now or for yet? (DESCRIPTION) A report card with A pluses in math skills, language art, science, and social studies. (SPEECH) Are they focused on the next A or test score instead of dreaming big, instead of thinking about what they want to be and how they want to contribute to society? And if they are too focused on A's and test scores, are they going to carry this with them into the future? Maybe. Because many employers are coming to me and saying, we've already created a generation of young workers who can't get through the day without an award. (DESCRIPTION) Carol smiles. A cartoon employee holds a number one trophy. (SPEECH) So what can we do? How can we build that bridge to yet? First, we can praise wisely. (DESCRIPTION) Text, Praising Yet. Process praise, intelligence praise. Mueller and Dweck, 1998; Kamins and Dweck, 1999; Cimpian et al., 2007; Gunderson et al., 2013. (SPEECH) Our research shows that when we praise kids for the process they engage in-- their hard work, their strategies, their focus, their perseverance-- they learn that challenge thinking. They learn that resilience. Praising talent, praising intelligence makes them vulnerable. (DESCRIPTION) Rewarding Yet. O'Rourke, Haimovitz, Ballweber, Dweck, and Popovic, 2014. (SPEECH) There are other ways of rewarding yet. We teamed up with game scientists at the University of Washington to create a math game, Brain Points. The typical math game rewards right answers right now. But not Brain Points. (DESCRIPTION) Screenshot of Brain Points game. Text, Rewarded the use of effort, strategy, and progress. (SPEECH) We rewarded process and the learning curve-- so effort, strategy, and progress. The Brain Points game created more sustained learning and greater perseverance than the standard game. And just the words, yet and not yet, after a student has a setback, we're finding creates greater confidence and greater persistence. (DESCRIPTION) The EdPuzzle video pauses. An open-ended question populates to the right of the video. Text, 2-minute private reflection. Can you remember a time when you struggled and someone encouraged you not to give up? How did that make you feel? There is a text box below the question. (SPEECH) CASH CLIFTON: So here's the next question I insert for my students, again, to ensure they're watching the video. And this is the point where I want them to reflect. So I'm going to ask for you to take out whatever you have to write with and whatever you have to write on. And just take a couple of minutes to reflect. So, again, think about yourself not necessarily your students. Can you remember a time when you struggled and someone encouraged you not to give up and how did that make you feel? (DESCRIPTION) Below the text box, Rewatch, Skip, and Submit buttons appear. (SPEECH) So here, again, the student can rewatch. they can skip. Or they can submit. So I'm going to go ahead and submit my answer. And now I can continue the video. (DESCRIPTION) Cash clicks the Continue button. (SPEECH) CAROL DWECK: We also can change students' mindsets directly. (DESCRIPTION) Text, Changing Mindsets. What else can we do? A cartoon brain picks up a dumbbell. (SPEECH) In one study, we taught students that every time they pushed out of their comfort zone to learn something really, really hard and they stuck to it, the neurons in their brain could form new stronger connections. (DESCRIPTION) In a photo, small lights between neurons to represent connections. (SPEECH) And over time, they could become smarter. Those who learned this lesson showed a sharp increase in their grades. (DESCRIPTION) Text, Math Grades (Blackwell, Trzesiewski, and Dweck, 2007). A graph with Before and After on the x-axis and 2.2 through 2.8 on the y-axis in increments of 0.1. A blue line shows an increase in grades. A red line shows a decrease. (SPEECH) Those who did not showed a decrease. We have done this with thousands of students now across the country with similar results, especially for struggling students. So let's talk about equality. In our country, there are groups of kids who chronically show poor performance. And many people think that's inevitable. But when educators create a growth mindset environments steeped in yet, equality can happen. Let me just give you a few small examples. (DESCRIPTION) Text, Equality Happens. Harlem, New York. South Bronx, New York. Native American Reservation. (SPEECH) One teacher took her Harlem kindergarten class, many of whom could not hold a pencil for the first month through daily tantrums, she took them to the 95th percentile on the National achievement test. That same teacher took a fourth grade class in the South Bronx way behind, she took them to the top of New York State on the state math test. That teacher was a Stanford grad. And she's here today. [APPLAUSE] (DESCRIPTION) Carol smiles. (SPEECH) And another Stanford grad, a PhD student Stephanie Fryberg, now a professor, went back to her Native American reservation in the state of Washington. She transformed the elementary school in terms of the growth mindset. That school had always been at the bottom of the district, at the bottom of the state. Within a year to a year and a half, the kindergartners and first graders were at the top of the district in reading and reading readiness. That district contained affluent sections of Seattle. So the reservation kids outdid the Microsoft kids. (DESCRIPTION) Text, Transforming the Meaning of Effort and Difficulty. In the outline of a human head, four cogs. (SPEECH) And they did it because learning a growth mindset transformed the meaning of effort and difficulty. It used to mean they were dumb. And now it means they had a chance to get smarter. Difficulty [AUDIO OUT] not yet. Last year, I got a letter from a 13-year-old boy. (DESCRIPTION) Text, "I've wasted my life." (SPEECH) He said, dear, Professor Dweck, I read your book already. (DESCRIPTION) Carol smiles. (SPEECH) I like the fact that it was based on sound scientific research. That's why I decided to test out your growth mindset principles in three areas of my life. (DESCRIPTION) Carol counts on her fingers. (SPEECH) As a result, I'm earning higher grades. I have a better relationship with my parents. I have a better relationship with the other kids at school. I realized I've wasted most of my life. (DESCRIPTION) Carol grins. (SPEECH) Let's not waste any more lives. Because the more we know that basic human abilities can be grown, the more it becomes a basic human right for kids-- all kids, all adults to live in environments that create that growth to live in environments filled overflowing with yet. Thank you. (DESCRIPTION) Text, Stanford connects dot Stanford dot e d u. Stanford alumni logo. (SPEECH) CASH CLIFTON: So that was Developing a Growth Mindset with Carol Dweck. And Steven asked a really good question in the chat about, well, if students can see where the questions are, could they just fast forward to that? And they absolutely could. And so if you are concerned about that kind of thing, I recommend writing the questions in a way that confirm understanding. So maybe have a multiple choice test of, what is the definition of growth mindset? And have A, B, C, or D. So just be aware that that's a possibility. And then I see Jennifer adding, not unless the skip questions which you can set or not. And you said, I really recommend EdPuzzle's tech development modules to modify the variables and questions. So thank you for that feedback. (DESCRIPTION) Cash opens EdPuzzle. (SPEECH) I want to show you how I would set this up a little bit. So let's say I want to pick a video. (DESCRIPTION) In the left-hand side menu, he selects YouTube from the Popular channels submenu. (SPEECH) So let's see. I'm going to go to YouTube. And I'm going to choose a video with Carol Dweck. (DESCRIPTION) He types Carol Dweck into the YouTube search bar and selects a video titled Changing Students Mindsets. (SPEECH) Let's see. This is a good video. I've seen this one before. And I might want to go in here and insert some questions. (DESCRIPTION) In the right-hand side menu, he selects Edit. It is the third option at the bottom of the page. (SPEECH) So what I'm going to do is I'm going to edit the video. (DESCRIPTION) He selects the Questions tab. It is the third tab at the top of the page. (SPEECH) And then I can come over here to questions. (DESCRIPTION) He clicks the video time bar to skip through the video. (SPEECH) So let's say I want to insert a question here at a minute and 35 seconds. Then (DESCRIPTION) Multiple-Choice question is the first option. He types into a text box. (SPEECH) I could insert a multiple choice question and say this is a question to verify understanding. And then I can have the correct answer, the incorrect answer. And then I can add additional incorrect answers if I would want to. (DESCRIPTION) He clicks the Plus option to add another answer choice. (SPEECH) Save and then Finish. (DESCRIPTION) The Save button is at the bottom right of the page. The blue Finish button is at the top right. (SPEECH) And then now I have a video that I could assign. (DESCRIPTION) Assign is the first option in the right-hand menu at the bottom of the page. (SPEECH) So I would assign this through air EdPuzzle here. (DESCRIPTION) The Assign page has an Assign to a class tab and a Public Links tab at the top. Cash clicks the Public Links tab. It contains a Public link for the EdPuzzle and an Embedded Code. (SPEECH) Or the way I set this up in our slide show is I used a link. So you will receive a copy of the slide show I'm using today. And it does contain a link to the video. (DESCRIPTION) Cash returns to the slide deck. (SPEECH) So that is our EdPuzzle tool. And then there is going to be the link. (DESCRIPTION) Text, Video link, including questions: https colon slash slash ed puzzle dot com slash media slash 5 e e 1 7 2. b 3 f 9 e. 7 1 3 3 f 0 6. 7 c 6 3 2 7. Cash advances to the next slide. Text, Let's give our brains about 2 minutes to rest. Half-time brain stretch. I encourage you to move around and dance a little! I do not own the rights to this song or performance. An embedded YouTube video title, Lady Gaga and Elton John, Hashtag Art Pop. In the video still, Statler and Waldorf, two elderly men from The Muppets, sit in a balcony. (SPEECH) So I talk to my students about growth mindset. I talk to my students about study habits and this idea of don't just sit and study, and study, and study. As you're sitting, you're restricting your blood flow. That means less oxygen flowing to the brain. So I like to select some upbeat songs for students. And I ask them to get up and move around for a couple of minutes to get more oxygen flowing to their brain. So I do a lot of disco songs, Earth, Wind, and Fire, stuff like that-- old Michael Jackson songs. And what happens in almost every class is students end up suggesting music. And I think that's awesome. So I'll let my students pick the songs for our little two-minute stretch breaks. If you do let your students select the song, a word of caution that I have unfortunately learned the hard way is that you should listen to the songs first. Because there is definitely some music with interesting lyrics out there. So that was our half-time brain stretch. (DESCRIPTION) Text, The fourth technology we'll be using is Quizlet. Why use Quizlet? Online flashcards, gamification, hopefully friendly competition, netiquette policy. (SPEECH) So I'd like to move on with our next technology. So we're halfway through. So the fourth technology that I'm going to be introducing you to is called Quizlet. And this is a free tool that allows you to create online flashcards. It lets you bring some game theory and gamify your class a little bit. And it also introduces some friendly competition. I say hopefully friendly competition as you are teaching online, I hope you all follow a best practice and have some kind of netiquette policy from the beginning. That's just really important to establish what is OK in terms of communication and what is not. And I chose the avatar on this one with the sunglasses. Because this is something that my students really like. And they tend to think, I guess, cool and hip, because I introduce a little bit of a game to the classroom. (DESCRIPTION) A screenshot of Quizlet Mindset Card Activity. Text, Growth Mindset Reinforcement Game. Please visit h t t p s colon slash slash tiny URL dot com slash Mindset O T A N and click Match. Play a few times! The fastest player "wins!" Note, you can play the game without an account, but you will need to create a free account if you want to view all material. (SPEECH) So I'm going to ask for you to play the growth mindset match game that I've put together. And I will copy and paste this into the chat so that you can click on it directly. So I'm going to give you a couple of minutes to go play the game. And I'm going to ask for you to play the match game. (DESCRIPTION) On the left-hand side of the activity, Match is the first option in the Play submenu. (SPEECH) So this is competition. See how quickly you can match growth mindset versus fixed mindset. And note, you can play the game without an account. However, I believe after you've played the game two or three times, it will lock you out if you don't have an account. (DESCRIPTION) He opens the Quizlet activity and clicks Start Game. (SPEECH) So I'm going to play my own game. Let's see how I can do. So I want to make everything disappear. (DESCRIPTION) Cash drags and drops the words "Growth Mindset" or "Fixed Mindset" onto text boxes that display different vocabulary and scenarios. When a match is made, the matched text boxes disappear. A timer runs on the left side of the page. (SPEECH) Notice, I'm also teaching vocabulary. I got an easy one. Are they all growth? (DESCRIPTION) He continues to match items in the quiz. (SPEECH) Let's see. That's going to be fixed. (DESCRIPTION) After he completes the quiz, a box pops up. Text, 24.0 seconds. You can do it! A Leaderboard populates below a Play Again button. (SPEECH) And I got 24 seconds. So as you can see, people have played this before. So we're all trying to knock out Jervis. So, again, that's Quizlet. That (DESCRIPTION) He returns to the slide deck. (SPEECH) is the free version of Quizlet that I was using. So what I would do with students is give them the definition of growth mindset like I did you. Go through the video with them, through EdPuzzle. And then have them play this game to verify understanding. And I'm excited to see other people have used Quizlet before. I love seeing other techie people. (DESCRIPTION) Text, Disrupting a fixed mindset. An embedded video titled "Neuroplasticity." (SPEECH) So another video-- So this overarching question of how do you teach someone a growth mindset if someone has a fixed mindset, how do you move them towards a growth mindset? And something that we've spent a fair bit of time debating in New Mexico is what you call this? Is it teaching a growth mindset? And we came up with the terminology of disrupting a fixed mindset. So this is the idea of disrupting a fixed mindset. (DESCRIPTION) Cash clicks the Play button on the video. Sentis logo. Title, Neuroplasticity. (SPEECH) SPEAKER: Not so long ago, many scientists believed that the brain did not change after childhood, that it was hardwired and fixed by the time we became adults. (DESCRIPTION) Three cartoon people. Two wear lab coats. (SPEECH) But recent advances in only the last decade now tell us that this is simply not true. The brain can and does change throughout our lives. (DESCRIPTION) A cartoon crane and two workers add material to a blue brain. (SPEECH) It is adaptable like plastic, hence neuroscientists call this neuroplasticity. How does neuroplasticity work? (DESCRIPTION) A power grid in the shape of a brain. (SPEECH) If you think of your brain as a dynamic, connected power grid there are billions of pathways or roads lighting up every time you think, feel, or do something. Some of these roads are well-traveled. These are our habits, our established ways of thinking, feeling and doing. (DESCRIPTION) A cartoon person surrounded by a cartoon bicycle, cartoon person with arms raised, cocktail, yoga practitioner, hamburger, and cigarette. (SPEECH) Every time we think in a certain way, practice a particular task, or feel a specific emotion, we strengthen this road. It becomes easier for our brains to travel this pathway. (DESCRIPTION) A white arrow travels upward on a straight path in the brain, then curves to the right. (SPEECH) Say we think about something differently, learn a new task, or choose a different emotion, we start carving out a new road. (DESCRIPTION) A yellow arrow travels upward on a straight path in the brain, then curves to the left. (SPEECH) If we keep traveling that road, our brains begin to use his pathway more. And this new way of thinking, feeling, or doing becomes second nature. (DESCRIPTION) The yellow arrow thickens, while the white arrow becomes thinner. (SPEECH) The old pathway gets used less and less and weakens. This process of rewiring your brain by forming new connections and weakening old ones is neuroplasticity in action. (DESCRIPTION) An arrow passes along a pathway to a cartoon person with arms raised. Short lines radiate outward from the person's fists. (SPEECH) The good news is that we all have the ability to learn and change by rewiring our brains. (DESCRIPTION) An arrow avoids the person with raised arms. It passes along a pathway to a cartoon person seated in a yoga pose with legs crossed and arms extended to the sides. (SPEECH) If you have ever changed a bad habit or thought about something differently, you have carved a new pathway in your brain and experienced neuroplasticity first-hand. With repeated and directed attention towards your desired change, you can rewire your brain. [MUSIC PLAYING] (DESCRIPTION) Text, Neuroplasticity. Sentis logo. Text, Copyright Sentis Pty Ltd 2012. This presentation remains the intellectual property of Sentis Pty Limited and is protected by copyright and registered trademarks. No material from this presentation is to be reproduced or used in any format without express written permission. Cash returns to the slide deck. (SPEECH) CASH CLIFTON: So this is another video that I like to use with students and introduce them to this idea of neuroplasticity. And so I show them a video. And, Steven, this goes back to your question in a way. And I want to know did they watch the video. But I also want to know did they understand the video. (DESCRIPTION) Text, The fifth technology we'll be using is Kahoot. Why use Kahoot? Check for understanding, hopefully friendly competition, track participation. (SPEECH) So one tool I can use to check for understanding is Kahoot. Sometimes, this can be used as a way to introduce some friendly competition as well. And this is also a way to track participation and document attendance. So that's another advantage of technology tools to document all that. (DESCRIPTION) Kahoot Neuroplasticity Review. Please visit h t t p s colon slash slash TinyURL dot com slash kahoot O T A N. -- For the sake of time, please select Play as Guest unless you already have a Kahoot account. (SPEECH) So we're going to try the Kahoot for OTAN webinar today. So you can either type in this TinyURL into a new tab. Or you can click or copy and paste from the chat. (DESCRIPTION) Cash opens Kahoot. (SPEECH) There's our generic Jeopardy. So kahoot.it. And then use the game pin on your screen here. (DESCRIPTION) Text, Game PIN 4 1 6 4 6 0 3. He opens the Neuroplasticity Review O T A N June 11, 2020 game. (SPEECH) So three questions-- are you ready? True or false-- (DESCRIPTION) Text, The brain can no longer adapt and change once we reach a certain age. (SPEECH) select your answer. (DESCRIPTION) A bar graph displays 6 answers of True and 11 answers of False. (SPEECH) It is false. So 11 people got the correct answer. Six people got the incorrect answer. So the brain can no longer adapt and change once we reach a certain age. It is considered to be false from the idea of neuroplasticity. Now, that said, that's glossing over things like Alzheimer's and dementia. So this is a much, much deeper discussion. But based on what we just saw in the video, that would be false. Time for our next question. (DESCRIPTION) A scoreboard. (SPEECH) Oh, excuse me. There's a scoreboard. So Will-I-Am is our leader. (DESCRIPTION) Cash clicks the Next button in the top right corner. (SPEECH) OK, next question. (DESCRIPTION) Text, According to the video, "the brain can and does change throughout our lives." Neuroscientists call this what? (SPEECH) You have 30 seconds for this question. (DESCRIPTION) The four answers include Growth Mindset, Neuroelasticity, Neuroplasticity, and The advantage of youth. 4 people answered Growth Mindset, 4 answered Neuroelasticity, 7 answered Neuroplasticity, and 1 answered The advantage of youth. (SPEECH) Looks like seven people got the correct answer of neuroplasticity. My brain really wanted this to be neuroelasticity. So honestly, I probably would have chosen the blue answer if I was taking this. Four people said growth mindset. So growth mindset, that's the idea of believing in your ability to change. So that's a cognitive process. However, this would be talking about the actual, physical things going on in brain. And one person said the advantage of youth. I think there probably are some advantages to youth. (DESCRIPTION) A scoreboard. (SPEECH) And looks like the unknown nickname in me3 are in the lead. (DESCRIPTION) Cash clicks the Next button in the top right corner. (SPEECH) So time for our final question. True or false-- we all have the ability to learn and change by rewiring our brains. (DESCRIPTION) 15 people answered True. 0 answered False. (SPEECH) There's our time. Looks like we all got that one. Let's see our podium. (DESCRIPTION) Cash clicks the Next button. A cartoon podium and medal appears for first, second, and third place winners. (SPEECH) Bryan B is in third. Me3 came in second. And nickname, yay, whoever nickname is. (DESCRIPTION) Cartoon confetti flutters down. (SPEECH) So I really like Kahoot. I think it's a lot of fun. I just like the graphics. It's just happy. (DESCRIPTION) Cash clicks the Kahoot Home menu in the top left corner. A tutorial pops up for how to play Kahoot as a challenge. He clicks the Skip Intro button to return to the Home page. (SPEECH) I use this in face-to-face classes to check for understanding, to see if people are actually paying attention. And so this is what you'll see within Kahoot. So you can upgrade. (DESCRIPTION) Upgrade is the first option on the top right side of the menu bar. (SPEECH) In my opinion, there are more-- I don't know if assertive or aggressive is the right word about pushing you to upgrade. But understand, you can do a lot with the free account. (DESCRIPTION) Cash clicks the Create button. It is the third option on the top right side of the menu bar. (SPEECH) So if I wanted to use this, I would just create. (DESCRIPTION) The Create a new kahoot box opens. Cash clicks the first option, Create new kahoot. A template opens. (SPEECH) So I'm going to create a new Kahoot. (DESCRIPTION) Text, Click to start typing your question. (SPEECH) And I could say, let's see, what color is the sky? I guess I'm not feeling terribly creative right now. (DESCRIPTION) He clicks the first Enter Answer box. (SPEECH) And so I might say pink, which sometimes the sky is pink in New Mexico. (DESCRIPTION) He types orange in the second Enter Answer box. (SPEECH) Orange-- sometimes the sky is orange. You guys have really pretty sunsets in California too. (DESCRIPTION) He types blue in the third box and gray in the fourth. (SPEECH) I'm going to say the sky is blue or gray. And the answer I'm looking for is blue. So I would check here to make sure it is blue. (DESCRIPTION) He clicks the circle to the right of the correct answer. A check mark in a green circle appears. (SPEECH) And then I can preview it to see what it will look like. So see this will be the little countdown and everything. And then I will exit the preview. I could add additional questions if I wanted to. I could import videos. I can import slide shows. There's a lot of stuff you could put in here. (DESCRIPTION) Cash clicks the Enter kahoot title field in the top left corner. The Kahoot summary window opens. He types into the Title field and clicks the green Done button on the bottom right to close the window. (SPEECH) One thing to be mindful of is be sure and title this. So I'm going to call this Demonstration for OTAN Webinar, so that later I don't see this and go, what the heck is that? (DESCRIPTION) He clicks the blue Settings button on the top left side of the page. The Kahoot summary window opens again. The Lobby video field is on the bottom left of the window. He clicks Cancel on the bottom left to close the window. (SPEECH) By the way, notice in the settings here, down here, is where I could have a YouTube video in the lobby. So maybe I want students to watch a video in the lobby. Or maybe I just want to have some fun dance music or something. And then I can click Done. (DESCRIPTION) The green Done button is in the top right corner. Pop up text, Yay! The kahoot is ready to be played. (SPEECH) And now it is ready to be done. So I could test it. I could play it now or I could share it with others. And so this is how I shared it with you guys is through copying here. (DESCRIPTION) He clicks the Share option and clicks the blue Copy button to copy the link. (SPEECH) Now, I copy that to my clipboard. And this is a mile long, this link 4AFE-... I don't really expect my students to type that. (DESCRIPTION) Cash opens a new browser tab and types tiny URL dot com. The page loads. (SPEECH) And so if you notice, I've using tinyurl.com. There's other things. There's Bitly and all that. I could just take this big, long, ugly link and paste it in. (DESCRIPTION) He pastes the link to the Enter a long URL to make tiny field. (SPEECH) So there's that big, horrible thing. And then I can make it tinyurl.com/ and then I can pick whatever I want it to be. I just have to make sure it's something that hasn't been used before. (DESCRIPTION) He types into the Custom alias field. (SPEECH) So I don't know-- C for Cash Clifton, OTAN mindset. And then make TinyURL. (DESCRIPTION) He clicks the Make Tiny URL button. (SPEECH) And thankfully, I chose something that hasn't been used before. So now I have this TinyURL that's a lot easier for students to work with that created a direct link. (DESCRIPTION) He highlights and copies the Tiny URL from the page. He closes the Kahoot and Tiny URL tabs in the browser and returns to the slide deck. (SPEECH) So understand TinyURL world does work with any website. And you probably know other ways of doing that kind of thing. So, again, that was the Kahoot tool. (DESCRIPTION) Text, What do I discuss with my students during class? (SPEECH) So what do I actually discuss with my students during class? (DESCRIPTION) Eustress (good stress) versus distress (bad stress). (SPEECH) So some topics I like to talk about is the distinction between stress. So that's a good stress. That's productive stress. That's motivating stress. A little bit of stress, a reasonable amount of stress, that can motivate us as opposed to distress. That's the bad stress. That's the stress that doesn't motivate you, that wants you to give up or shut down. I talk to my students about the productive struggle. Sometimes students see struggle as a bad thing. Whereas I tell them no, struggle can be OK in the context of growth as long as it's a struggle that you're gaining from or you have the potential to gain from. That's a productive struggle. And I'd like to introduce these terms to my students. Because then they have words to describe what they're experiencing later in the class. So I introduce these very early. Towards the middle of the semester, I introduce the concept of imposter syndrome. (DESCRIPTION) Fake it till you make it. (SPEECH) So I might just find a little video. I might find a little article and this idea of faking it until you make it. And usually, students react to the idea of imposter syndrome by finding out that there's a lot of common ground, that, oh, wow. I'm not the only person who feels that way. And then as I mentioned earlier I also like to talk about the idea of benefit mindset, which goes beyond just growth mindset. And then going beyond that even, Howard Gardner-- so if you recognize the name Howard Gardner, he came out with the theories of multiple intelligences in, I believe, the 1970s. And he's come out with some more recent research where he talks about it's not enough to teach people to be gritty. We need to teach them to be gritty in a way that has integrity and that can support societal change. So I also talk to my students about the idea of grit with integrity. If you want a great read on integrity, I suggest John Wooden's A Lifetime of Observations On and Off the Court. I'm not really a sports fan. But I really, really love the book and the message behind it. So I'll give you a moment to read this to yourself. (DESCRIPTION) "At the end of the day, the research reviewed has shown that the effect of achievement on self-concept is stronger than the effect of self-concept on achievement." Muijs, D., and Reynolds, D. (2018). Effective Teaching: Evidence and practice. Los Angeles: SAGE. (SPEECH) So I consider that a very, very powerful statement. I don't know that there's really much of anything I need to add to that. (DESCRIPTION) Disrupting a fixed mindset through Active Listening and Metacognition. (SPEECH) So how so continue with this theme of disrupting a fixed mindset? How do you disrupt a fixed mindset? And from what I've read and from what I've experienced and from surveying my students about learning about these concepts in the class, what signs are pointing to is this concept of active listening and metacognition. So if a student is struggling, I might ask them, what can you learn from this? Or if they tell me about a time when they struggle, I ask them what did you learn from this? (DESCRIPTION) What have you done to be successful in the past? Can you apply that strategy now? (SPEECH) I believe in being very strength-based and believing that the student is creative, resourceful, and whole. If you're taken some coaching courses before, you might recognize that and talk about what have you done to be successful in the past. So I primarily teach math. And there's this stereotype that you're either an art person or you're a math person. And I just don't think that's true at all. I identify as both an art and a math person. So an example of this would be if I get an art student who is good at everything, but math. I might say, what do you do to be successful in, say, you're a sociology class? And what would it look like if you applied those same strategies to math class? And that can be a very powerful conversations. (DESCRIPTION) What steps can you take to succeed? (SPEECH) Action planning-- so what can you do to succeed? So notice, I'm not coming in as the expert and saying, I have all of the answers for your success. I'm asking the students to reflect on that. What mistake did you make that taught you something? Very, very important in math. I tend to think that's important in all subjects. (DESCRIPTION) What information can you gather to help you? And from where? (SPEECH) What resources did you use? So, again, we're viewing students as creative, resourceful and whole, what resources did they know about? What resources did they engage in? And I will suggest resources, things like Khan Academy. There are lots and lots of good things out there. Where can you get constructive feedback? And that also opens the door to discussing what is constructive feedback? The feedback from a teacher, hopefully, isn't just there to make you feel bad. It's there to help the student grow. So there's that connection to growth mindset again. How will you approach challenges along the way? So this idea of telling students that there will be challenges, don't be shocked when there are challenges. But what are you going to do when you run into a challenge? If you had a plan to be successful at, let's say, math class, what might that plan look like? Good reflection at the end of class-- what did you learn today? (DESCRIPTION) Is this limitation really true, or is it your inner critic speaking? (SPEECH) Pointing out students' inner critic-- so sometimes we have voices in our head that kind of doubt ourselves. And I want to be clear. I'm not telling you to be counselors. Because we're not counselors. We're teachers. But to point out, hey, are you in this habit of telling yourself that you're going to fail-- and pointing that out to students. And then if they start having that inner critic, what are they going to do? How are they going to counter that inner critic? Again, it comes down to an action plan for a growth mindset and action plan for grit. Is your current learning strategy working? And if it's not, what would they like to change? There's that metacognition again, get them thinking about how they study. And then what did you try hard at today? So, again, there's that very strength-based approach. And I'm glad to see this applies to classes beyond just math and the chats here. And what habits do you want to develop to continue the gains you've achieved? And how will you do that? So sometimes, it's really easy to make a change at first. You have some adrenaline. You have that extra energy. Because it's something novel. And then talking to students about, OK. If you've made these changes, how can you turn this into habit so that it's not temporary? So all just conversations that I try to have with my students. Sometimes, I'll have them do this as a journal. Sometimes, I'll ask students to sit for a couple of minutes and just reflect on their own like I did with you today. Sometimes, these are just casual conversations that happen over Zoom during my office hours. So, again, I'm really trying to focus my students on metacognition. And I'm trying to practice active listening rather than trying to be the expert in the room with all the answers. So a quick summary-- if we're looking at research in terms of what works and what doesn't, judgment doesn't typically help. And I think we often think of judgment in terms of a bad thing like I judge you for being less than me. But cheerleading can also be judgment. So keep in mind what Carol Dweck and Angela Duckworth talked about about being cautious with your praise. And don't overpraise. Don't just be a cheerleader. Shaming I'm very convinced doesn't work at all. I am of the belief that our students are harder on themselves than we ever could be. And for that same reason, lecturing and sermonizing doesn't work. Not good to compare students-- oh, well, Susie gets this. Why can't you? And don't compare students to yourself-- that concept of, oh, I got this really quickly. Why can't you? And I think most teachers don't do that. And, again, constant praise. But what does work is active listening. And if you really want to read a good book about active listening, I recommend Motivational Interviewing by Miller and Rollnick. They talk about the OARS technique of active listening. And it really can lead to some wonderfully engaging conversations with your students. I've seen some studies that it can help with retention, and it can help with persistence. So again, the book Motivational Interviewing I highly, highly recommend. Talking about struggle, talking about persistence-- this idea of get back on the horse if you fall off, educating students about growth mindset and grit. Again, all of the videos I used with you here today are videos that I use with my students. And it gives them terminology. And I hear students talk about fixed mindset and growth mindset throughout the entirety of my course, even if I'm teaching a 16-week course. We get into a really hard project. And I'll hear a student saying, oh, I'm really getting tired of this. This is too hard. I want to quit. And I'll hear another student say, are you approaching that with a fixed mindset or a growth mindset-- so giving students vocabulary to describe this process-- and they're thinking. Be sure to communicate that you believe students can grow. Again, that creative, resourceful and whole is a concept from coaching or looking at Carl Rogers' unconditional positive regard-- that you believe in the student. You believe in their ability to grow and make improvements. (DESCRIPTION) A screenshot of a tweet by Clint Smith, at Clint Smith III. Text, Yesterday, my 14-year-old cousin said, "We're living through a social studies chapter and I can't stop thinking about that, about him, about how young people are processing this moment. (SPEECH) Now that said, I think we have to be really mindful of the time that we live in. Beyond just the Coronavirus, there are social changes and social movements happening on a scale that I haven't seen in my lifetime. I don't know what if any of you have seen anything on this scale in your lifetime. But I think we have to be very mindful of the current climate we're in and our job as educators to create equity and to support a diverse group of students. (DESCRIPTION) The sixth technology we'll be using is Spent. Why use Spent? Poverty simulation, empathy, cultural humility. http://playspent.org (SPEECH) So what I would like you to do is I would like for you to experience a poverty simulation. And this is also an activity that I use with my students. So let me get this into the chat. So there's the link to this. So play Spent. This is a way that I teach my students about empathy and cultural humility. Notice I'm not saying cultural competence. I am very carefully choosing my words to not say cultural competence. I want to say cultural humility. I think competence implies that you can understand and master somebody else's culture. So I think humility understand that we are never the expert on someone else's culture or experience. So I'm going to go ahead and start a 10 minute timer here. (DESCRIPTION) Cash clicks a 10-minute timer on the right side of the slide. (SPEECH) So please take the 10 minutes to play Spent and reflect on your experiences with the game. (DESCRIPTION) Later, there are about 50 seconds left on the timer. (SPEECH) Yeah, I like what Tara says that all students-- excuse me-- all teachers should do so we can understand where students come from. Jim, you got five more days. So I guess you got better at it. Yeah, you bring up a good point, Jim, that we have we have homeless students sometimes. We do have 30 seconds left by the way. I'm thrilled to see that people want to utilize this in the classroom. There's also a TV series called A day in the Life Of where you can see like celebrities and you know middle class people try to lift some of these experiences. And that was also very eye-opening. So we have five seconds-- four, three, two, one. And I'm going to stop it. Because that YouTube timer plays a really, really powerful and loud alarm at the end there. (DESCRIPTION) Grit? Resilience? Growth mindset? A photo of a boot and a red arrow pointing up. Text above photo, Bootstraps. A cartoon version of Cash raises an eyebrow and rests his chin in his hand. (SPEECH) So what I want to leave this with and, David, I think you're thinking a lot along the lines that I am. Grit and resilience and growth mindset-- do they ignore embedded inequalities? I don't know. To be honest, I wrote the proposal for this before all of the social unrest that we've been seeing really, really came to be on the scale that it is. And so I don't have the answer to this. But I think these are things to definitely reflect on. Could it be considered a deficit ideology? When I was new to teaching growth mindset, I got feedback from students that said it sounded like I was just telling them to pull themselves up by the bootstraps. I was very mindful of my language after that so it doesn't come across as judgmental. Because this can. (DESCRIPTION) Text, how do these theories align with cultural humility? Individual versus collectivist cultures. (SPEECH) And how do they align with cultural humility? And in New Mexico, there's an extremely large Native American population here. And I try to be very mindful of the fact that I come from a very individualistic culture. Whereas a lot of my students come from collectivist cultures. And I don't know how all that aligns. So I guess I'm leaving you with questions as much as answers. (DESCRIPTION) Questions? Comments? Cash Clifton, University of New Mexico, New Mexico Adult Ed PD Senior Training Consultant, C Clifton 4 at U N M dot edu. Cash smiles in a cartoon. Text, Thank you. (SPEECH) So I would like to open up the floor and see if we have any questions or comments. I know I'm a couple of minutes over on time. But I'm happy to stay a little extra. So Steven asks, is the only usage of Spent is to play this part of your simulation or can I create content on Spent? I don't know if you can do it through Spent, Steven. But I am quite certain you could do it through Quizlet. Do I have any more suggestions for game such as Spent? Yes. So I suggest just Google values questionnaires. (DESCRIPTION) Cash opens a new browser tab and types "value questionnaires for students" into the search bar. (SPEECH) See, Google is helping me value questionnaires for students. And you can find lots and lots of different free things out there. So there's lots of this. I can't think of the name of it. But there's a game where if you are disadvantaged in life, step forward. Or if this happens to you in life, step back. And you can actually move students forward and backwards. Yeah. This is by no means the only way to do this. But this is just personally my favorite game. MELINDA HOLT: Cash, do you have a list of the books that you talked about on your slides? (DESCRIPTION) Cash returns to a slide skipped at the beginning of the presentation. Text, Please make sure you have something to write with and something to write on for reflection. I encourage you to use old-fashioned pen/pencil and paper rather than an electronic device. Research indicates this engages different parts of your brain. (Bowman, 2008) (SPEECH) CASH CLIFTON: I believe they're all linked in there somewhere. You can still see my screen, correct? MELINDA HOLT: Yes. CASH CLIFTON: So this slide right here refers to Bowmen 2008. And then I have the name of the book down here in the notes. (DESCRIPTION) This research is taken from the book "Training from the Back of the Room" by Sharon Bowman. (SPEECH) I could have missed one or two. So if I did, please let me know. But I believe they're all on there.